基于Solana、Axum和Dioxus的纯Rust全栈Web3开发指南

安装核心工具链

# 安装 Rust
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# 安装 Solana CLI（指定1.18+版本）
sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.solana.com/v1.18.0/install)"
solana-install init 1.18.18

# 安装 Anchor CLI（Rust版）
cargo install --git https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor anchor-cli --locked

# 安装 Dioxus CLI
cargo install dioxus-cli

初始化项目结构

合约核心逻辑 (programs/solana-backend/src/lib.rs)

use anchor_lang::prelude::*;
declare_id!("YourProgramIDHere");

#[program]
pub mod solana_backend {
    use super::*;
    
    // 初始化用户账户
    pub fn init_user(ctx: Context<InitUser>, name: String) -> Result<()> {
        let user = &mut ctx.accounts.user;
        user.name = name;
        msg!("User created: {}", user.name);  // 日志输出
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct InitUser<'info> {
    #[account(init, payer = signer, space = 8 + 32)]
    pub user: Account<'info, User>,
    #[account(mut)]
    pub signer: Signer<'info>,
    pub system_program: Program<'info, System>,
}

#[account]
pub struct User {
    pub name: String,
}

构建与部署

anchor build  # 生成程序ID
anchor deploy  # 部署到本地测试网

创建Axum服务

cargo new axum-server --bin
cd axum-server

添加依赖 (Cargo.toml)

[dependencies]
axum = { version = "0.7", features = ["headers"] }
solana-client = "1.18"  # 与区块链交互
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["cors"] }  # CORS支持

API端点实现 (src/main.rs)

use axum::{routing::post, Json, Router, http::Method};
use solana_client::rpc_client::RpcClient;
use tower_http::cors::{CorsLayer, Any};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // 配置CORS中间件（解决跨域问题）
    let cors = CorsLayer::new()
        .allow_methods([Method::GET, Method::POST])
        .allow_origin(Any);

    let app = Router::new()
        .route("/create-user", post(create_user))
        .layer(cors);

    axum::Server::bind(&"0.0.0.0:3000".parse().unwrap())
        .serve(app.into_make_service())
        .await
        .unwrap();
}

async fn create_user(Json(payload): Json<serde_json::Value>) -> Json<String> {
    let name = payload["name"].as_str().unwrap();
    // 此处应调用Solana合约（需构造交易）
    Json(format!("User {} creation request sent", name))
}

初始化Dioxus项目

cd ../app
dx init dioxus-frontend
cd dioxus-frontend

添加依赖 (Cargo.toml)

[dependencies]
dioxus = { version = "0.6", features = ["web"] }
dioxus-wallet-adapter = "0.4"  # Solana钱包连接
reqwest = { version = "0.11", features = ["json"] }  # 调用Axum API

前端逻辑实现 (src/main.rs)

use dioxus::prelude::*;
use dioxus_wallet_adapter::{use_wallet, WalletButton};

fn App(cx: Scope) -> Element {
    let wallet = use_wallet(&cx);
    let name = use_state(&cx, || "".to_string());
    
    cx.render(rsx! {
        div {
            WalletButton {}  // 钱包连接组件
            input {
                placeholder: "Enter name",
                oninput: |e| name.set(e.value.clone())
            }
            button {
                onclick: move |_| {
                    // 调用Axum后端API
                    async move {
                        let client = reqwest::Client::new();
                        let _ = client.post("http://localhost:3000/create-user")
                            .json(&serde_json::json!({ "name": name }))
                            .send()
                            .await;
                    }
                },
                "Create User"
            }
        }
    })
}

服务启动配置

测试数据流

智能合约部署到Devnet

solana config set --url devnet
solana airdrop 5  # 获取测试SOL
anchor deploy  # 指定--program-id避免冲突

Axum后端Docker化

FROM rust:latest
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN cargo build --release
CMD ["./target/release/axum-server"]

Dioxus前端静态部署

dx build --release  # 生成静态文件到dist目录
# 部署到Netlify/Vercel